在生物技術(shù)以及醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域中,常常需要對(duì)細(xì)胞或組織進(jìn)行破碎處理從而提取所需要的各種物質(zhì)。細(xì)胞或組織破碎的方法包括機(jī)械方法、物理方法、化學(xué)方法和生物化學(xué)方法等,其中機(jī)械法主要通過機(jī)械切力的作用使組織細(xì)胞破碎,常用的裝置有組織搗碎機(jī)、勻漿器、超聲破碎儀等。
組織搗碎機(jī)一般用于動(dòng)物組織、植物肉質(zhì)種子、柔嫩的葉芽等,其轉(zhuǎn)速可高達(dá) 10000rpm/M以上,由于旋轉(zhuǎn)刀片的機(jī)械切力很大,制備一些較大分子如核酸則很少使用。 高壓勻漿器是由可產(chǎn)生高壓的正向排代泵和排出閥組成,排出閥具有狹窄的小孔,細(xì)胞漿液通過止逆閥進(jìn)入泵體內(nèi),在高壓下迫使其在排出閥的小孔中高速?zèng)_出,并射向撞擊環(huán)上,由于突然減壓和高速?zèng)_擊,使細(xì)胞受到高的液相剪切力而破碎,此法適用于許多微生物細(xì)胞的破碎。超聲破碎儀將電能通過換能器轉(zhuǎn)換為聲能,這種能量通過液體介質(zhì)而變成一個(gè)個(gè)密集的小氣泡,小氣泡迅速炸裂產(chǎn)生的能量起到破碎細(xì)胞等物質(zhì)的作用。
皮膚組織是由表皮、真皮和皮下組織三部分組成。其中,表皮的角質(zhì)層處在最外面,具有韌性,能夠耐受一定的摩擦;而真皮內(nèi)部的細(xì)胞很少,主要由植物纖維結(jié)締組織構(gòu)成,其中有膠原纖維、彈性纖維和網(wǎng)狀纖維等,賦予皮膚一定的彈性 和張力。皮膚組織的這些特性決定了上述常用的研磨方式均不適用于皮膚組織的破碎。研缽是實(shí)驗(yàn)室中常用的研磨工具,其配有缽杵,通過缽杵與研缽的擠壓與磨擦來達(dá)到搗磨、研磨、破碎等目的,其雖能夠較為有效地破碎皮膚組織,然而需要進(jìn)行手工操作,費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力。

大鼠的皮膚比較厚,因此用上面方法完全研磨這些組織是十分具有挑戰(zhàn)性的,使用上海凈信冷凍研磨儀,成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)大鼠后爪蛋白質(zhì)和紙質(zhì)的研磨提取。
實(shí)驗(yàn)方法:
1、去大鼠皮膚組織若干。
2、加緩沖液和凈信專用皮膚研磨珠。
3、放入凈信冷凍研磨儀中。
4、調(diào)好時(shí)間頻率。
5、得到完美破碎溶液。
6、提心提取上清溶液。

從本實(shí)驗(yàn)后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)人員反饋情況來看,用上海凈信冷凍研磨儀和研缽對(duì)比來看,優(yōu)勢(shì)有這樣幾個(gè)。1、研磨后樣品無交叉污染。2、樣品后續(xù)RNA得率很高。3、研磨樣品節(jié)省了液氮,降低實(shí)驗(yàn)室成本。4、研磨時(shí)間得到大大提高,以前幾個(gè)人工作量減少到一個(gè)人幾分鐘完成批量樣品,大大提高了效率。

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